This article provides a comprehensive overview of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), a chemical compound with the Chemical Abstracts Service Number [128-37-0]. BHT is widely used as an antioxidant in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The article delves into the chemical properties, applications, safety considerations, and regulatory aspects of BHT, offering a detailed insight into its role and significance in modern society.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene, commonly known as BHT, is a synthetic organic compound with the Chemical Abstracts Service Number [128-37-0]. It is a pale yellow solid that is widely used as an antioxidant in various industries. BHT is derived from toluene and is known for its ability to prevent oxidation in fats, oils, and other organic materials. This article aims to explore the various aspects of BHT, including its chemical properties, applications, safety profile, and regulatory status.
BHT is a derivative of toluene, which is a monomer of benzene. It has a molecular formula of C10H14O and a molecular weight of 150.21 g/mol. The compound consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a butyl group (-C4H9) attached to it. This structure gives BHT its antioxidant properties, as the hydroxyl group can readily donate electrons to neutralize free radicals, thereby preventing oxidation.
The melting point of BHT is approximately 69-70°C, and its boiling point is around 256-257°C. It is soluble in organic solvents such as ether, acetone, and benzene but is only slightly soluble in water. These properties make BHT suitable for use in various applications, including as a preservative in food and as an antioxidant in plastics and cosmetics.
One of the primary applications of BHT is as an antioxidant in the food industry. It is used to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils, which can lead to rancidity and off-flavors. BHT is commonly found in baked goods, snack foods, and other processed foods to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality.
In the pharmaceutical industry, BHT is used as a stabilizer in medications and as an antioxidant in vitamin supplements. It is also employed in the cosmetics industry to prevent the oxidation of oils and fats in skincare products, which can lead to the degradation of active ingredients.
Additionally, BHT is used in the production of plastics, rubber, and other synthetic materials. Its antioxidant properties help to extend the lifespan of these products by preventing degradation caused by exposure to oxygen and light.
The safety of BHT has been a subject of concern due to its potential toxicity. However, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate its safety profile. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of BHT of up to 0.3 mg/kg body weight per day.
While BHT is generally considered safe for human consumption, some studies have suggested that high doses may have adverse effects on the liver and kidneys. However, these effects are typically observed at doses far exceeding the recommended levels. As a result, BHT is still widely used in food and other applications.
The regulatory status of BHT varies by country. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved BHT for use as a food additive. The European Union has also approved BHT for use in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, some countries, such as Japan, have restricted the use of BHT in certain food products.
The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) periodically reviews the safety of BHT and updates its recommendations accordingly. The most recent evaluation by JECFA in 2010 concluded that BHT is safe for use in food at the current levels of consumption.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a versatile chemical compound with a wide range of applications, primarily as an antioxidant. Its ability to prevent oxidation in fats, oils, and other organic materials makes it invaluable in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Despite some concerns regarding its potential toxicity, numerous studies have confirmed its safety for human consumption at recommended levels. The regulatory status of BHT varies by country, but it is generally recognized as safe and effective for its intended uses.
In summary, BHT plays a crucial role in maintaining the quality and shelf life of numerous products. Its chemical properties, applications, safety considerations, and regulatory status are all important factors to consider when evaluating its role in modern society.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene, BHT, Chemical Abstracts Service Number [128-37-0], antioxidant, food additive, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, safety, regulatory status, oxidation prevention.
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