Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid, CAS#4065-45-6. The analysis covers various aspects, including its physical and chemical properties, synthesis methods, analytical techniques, applications, safety considerations, and environmental impact. The article aims to offer a detailed understanding of this compound, its uses, and its implications in various industries.

1. Physical and Chemical Properties

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid, also known as 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid, is a white to off-white crystalline solid. It has a molecular formula of C₁₃H₁₂O₅S and a molecular weight of 284.29 g/mol. The compound is soluble in water and polar organic solvents, such as methanol and ethanol. It exhibits a melting point of approximately 150-155°C and a decomposition temperature of around 200°C.

Chemically, 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid is an aromatic compound containing a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, and a sulfonic acid group. The presence of these functional groups contributes to its unique reactivity and solubility properties. The compound is stable under normal conditions but may decompose upon exposure to high temperatures or strong acids.

In terms of its spectral properties, 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid exhibits characteristic absorption bands in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum, which can be used for its identification and quantification.

2. Synthesis Methods

The synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid can be achieved through various chemical reactions. One common method involves the sulfonation of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone using sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid as the sulfonating agent. This reaction typically takes place in an organic solvent, such as dimethylformamide (DMF), at elevated temperatures.

Another approach to synthesize this compound is through the reaction of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone with chlorosulfonic acid in the presence of a catalyst, such as potassium sulfate. This method offers a higher yield and better purity of the final product. The resulting sulfonic acid is then isolated and purified through recrystallization.

Alternatively, 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid can be synthesized via a multi-step synthesis involving the reaction of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone with a sulfonating reagent, followed by a subsequent reaction with a reducing agent to obtain the desired compound. This method provides a more controlled synthesis process and allows for the modification of the compound's properties.

3. Analytical Techniques

Several analytical techniques can be employed to characterize and analyze 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is commonly used to determine the purity and concentration of the compound in a given sample. HPLC utilizes a stationary phase and a mobile phase to separate the components of a mixture based on their different affinities for the stationary phase.

Another technique used for the analysis of this compound is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR provides detailed information about the molecular structure and environment of the atoms within the compound. By analyzing the chemical shifts and splitting patterns observed in the NMR spectrum, the compound's structure can be elucidated.

Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be employed to identify the functional groups present in 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid. The characteristic absorption bands in the infrared spectrum can help confirm the presence of hydroxyl, methoxy, and sulfonic acid groups in the compound.

4. Applications

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid finds applications in various industries due to its unique properties. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) for the treatment of certain diseases. Its presence in APIs can enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the active compounds.

In the cosmetic industry, this compound is utilized as a UV absorber and antioxidant in sunscreen formulations. It helps protect the skin from harmful UV radiation and prevents the formation of free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of skin damage and aging.

Furthermore, 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid is employed in the production of dyestuffs and pigments. Its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions allows for the development of vibrant and colorfast dyes. These dyes find applications in textiles, printing inks, and paints.

5. Safety Considerations

When handling 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid, certain safety precautions should be taken to minimize potential risks. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and sources of heat. It should be handled with gloves and eye protection to prevent skin and eye contact.

Inhalation of the compound's dust or vapor may cause respiratory irritation, while ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. In case of accidental exposure, appropriate first aid measures should be taken, such as rinsing the affected area with water or seeking medical attention if necessary.

It is also important to handle 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid in a well-ventilated area to minimize the risk of inhalation. Proper disposal methods should be followed to prevent environmental contamination.

6. Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid depends on its usage, disposal, and potential release into the environment. As an organic compound, it can be biodegradable under certain conditions. However, it is important to ensure proper waste management and disposal techniques to minimize its impact on aquatic and soil ecosystems.

Excessive release of this compound into water bodies can lead to aquatic toxicity, affecting aquatic organisms and disrupting the balance of ecosystems. It is crucial to adhere to regulations and guidelines regarding the disposal of chemical waste to prevent environmental contamination.

Furthermore, the synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid should be carried out using environmentally friendly methods, minimizing the use of hazardous reagents and solvents. Green chemistry principles should be applied to reduce the environmental footprint of the manufacturing process.

Conclusion

In conclusion, 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic Acid, CAS#4065-45-6, is a versatile compound with various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dye industries. Its physical and chemical properties, synthesis methods, analytical techniques, safety considerations, and environmental impact have been discussed in detail. Understanding these aspects is crucial for the safe and effective utilization of this compound in different industries.